IAS important essay on effect of indian monsoon pdf

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this essay is important for all UPSC, IAS, civil services exam, state PCS exam.

this article is most important for IAS mains exam

General Studies Paper-1

Geography

Mains Question:-

Monsoon a boon for the Indian public but when uncontrolled it turns into a curse? Discuss?

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Effects of Indian Monsoon

Ø The Indian monsoon is responsible for 14% more rainfall this year. It has benefited in many areas.

Ø Air circulation between the Indian Ocean and the Tibetan plateau causes the origin of the monsoon. There are two main branches of the Indian monsoon, the first originates from the Bay of Bengal towards Cherrapunji and the second originates from the Arabian Sea and comes from the Western Ghat and Aravali to the Indian mainland. It is the basis of many activities in India

Impact on Agriculture and Economy

Ø Farmers in monsoon areas rely on dry summer months to grow crops. However, the summer monsoon does not always bring the same amount of rainfall, and variations in rainfall are of extreme importance for agriculture and the economy.

Ø For example, India received very little rainfall during the 2009 summer monsoon. In some areas the rainfall was half of normal during the wet season and farmers could not plant their crops. Due to the frustration of the farmers, they do not usually get a fair price.

Ø From wheat and rice to vegetables, cotton and tea, Indian farmers grow a wide range of crops and the country uses more land for crops than any country in the world (215 million acres). Crops in India depend on rainfall and, during the four months of the monsoon season, India receives more than three-fourths of annual rainfall. But during the years when there is less than normal rainfall, the crop in the fields is completely or partially wasted. More than half of India's population performs agricultural work, and monsoon rains directly affect their income and livelihood. Agriculture contributes about 15% to the economy of India, so these crop wastes pose a livelihood crisis for a large number of people along with the national economy.

Ø Too little rainfall during the summer monsoon can create a dire situation for farmers on land, too much rainfall and extremely strong winds can make coastal waters unsafe, preventing fishermen from across the sea from across South Asia This also affects this sector of the economy.

Ø Monsoon rains can be exploited as hydropower, a valuable energy resource. Hydropower currently provides 25% of India's electricity. The reservoirs are replenished during the summer monsoon rains and then water is released slowly through the dams, turning turbines to create electricity. During the years when there is less monsoon rainfall, the reservoirs are not replenished, limiting the amount of hydroelectric power produced during the year. Therefore, by using monsoon rains somewhere, the economy can be reached indirectly.

Monsoon and health

Ø Areas with a monsoon climate, especially dry weather, are prone to floods and droughts, both of which are hazardous to health.

Ø During the summer monsoon, heavy rainfall can cause flooding. Floods cause damage to the common people and buildings, it is extremely devastating. In Pakistan and India, in the summer of 2014, about 300 people died during landslides and house collapses during the monsoon. The 2011 monsoon floods in Australia caused about $ 4.5 billion in damage.

Ø Nevertheless, the main health hazards during summer monsoon season are diseases like cholera, dengue, chikungunya and malaria as well as stomach and eye infections. Every year, as the monsoon season approaches, Indian hospitals are flooded with patients of these diseases.

Ø Absence of a better drainage system leads to diseases like cholera, malaria. Summer is a suitable time to breed mosquitoes during monsoon rains. This causes the disease caused by mosquito bites to spread rapidly.

Ø In 2015, a major heat wave swept across India killed at least 2500 people, and a heat wave in Pakistan killed more than 1000 people almost a month later. The temperature in New Delhi was near 120 ° F (about 50 ° C). Water is scarce at this time of the year, due to which diseases caused by water become common; These diseases spread when there is very little water for proper hygiene.

Ø Therefore, the monsoon is such a boon for the Indian public that when uncontrolled it becomes a curse.